• Vibrating wire strain gauge and stress cells;

  • Electronic extensometers;

  • Vertical and horizontal inclinometer boreholes for measuring soil movement;

  • Total pressure cells for embankment construction, retaining walls etc;

  • Electronic concrete construction joint meters;

  • Crack control using mechanical and electronic tell tales;

  • Piezometers for water level;

  • Tiltmeters;

  • Settlement monitoring using magnets or surveying methods;

  • Building automated settlement monitoring system.



    Back to SDM Mainpage